xmrchain.net & Explore.Moneroworld.com

(no javascript - no cookies - no web analytics trackers - no images - open sourced)

Solo mine on your own blockchain to support the monero network!

Public Node Directory || Monero Block Frequency Tool || Monero Website || Make Monero Better!

Monero Testnet Explorer || Monero Stagenet Explorer

i2p links: exchanged.i2p , Local Monero (lm.i2p)

Why so ugly? Monero FAQ

Moneroblocks Explorer || Monerohash explorer || Map of Monero Network

For a pretty version of this explorer with javascript || A note on/for services

NOTE: This explorer actively tests beta software in production. If it crashes, hooray! We found a bug! Please find a backup explorer for these instances.

The most up to date software for Monero are version: CLI v0.18.3.3, GUI v0.18.3.3

If you need to use a remote node, you should set up your own. Good guide for setting up a remote node.

High Fee Bug. Remote nodes can increase your tx fees. Double check before sending. Run your own node.

Autorefresh is OFF

Tx hash: 4c22934b2275c361832a8ac37a3eb29e581dac744fcb2d964bf4136d37122bb8

Tx prefix hash: 6a914950642c5d572fa87db6624cff4dc827b36944c4a35d2a710f6b8e32fc18
Tx public key: 178a58ae18fd1c5841b84fe5dfde04c4681652e0b1d29766eaeac370083f28b4
Payment id (encrypted): e832c835d97e1825
Timestamp: 1611852956 Timestamp [UTC]: 2021-01-28 16:55:56 Age [y:d:h:m:s]: 03:108:20:00:43
Block: 2284499 Fee (per_kB): 0.000043930000 (0.000008095073) Tx size: 5.4268 kB
Tx version: 2 No of confirmations: 865718 RingCT/type: yes/5
Extra: 01178a58ae18fd1c5841b84fe5dfde04c4681652e0b1d29766eaeac370083f28b4020901e832c835d97e1825

2 output(s) for total of ? xmr

stealth address amount amount idx tag
00: 6c8ee7a625398e58ac1be217106c216da77b659e838051f5e001f1a2963e76ed ? 26474040 of 101678671 -
01: e08a6e345b38faef37a935c44eb93b55ed1634e8c7979c0e6eadd1d378327ddc ? 26474041 of 101678671 -

Check which outputs belong to given Monero address/subaddress and viewkey

For RingCT transactions, outputs' amounts are also decoded
Note: address/subaddress and viewkey are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Prove to someone that you have sent them Monero in this transaction

Tx private key can be obtained using get_tx_key command in monero-wallet-cli command line tool
Note: address/subaddress and tx private key are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Inputs' ring size time scale (from 2019-05-13 16:00:33 till 2021-01-28 17:41:26; resolution: 3.68 days)

  • |______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*______________________*__**|
  • |______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_______________*__*|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________*_________________*____________________________________________*__*______*__________*|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__________________________*______________***|
  • |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_*|
  • |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*______*_**|
  • |_*_________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_____________________________*____________*__________________*|
  • |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________**|
  • |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__*___________________*_*|

9 input(s) for total of ? xmr

key image 00: eed2e6ed957c6149751fa9aa6f9c368fc7e88b81b0259a0901a8d43957116cc9 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: d99703bb9bdadd9e99e72f30f5e5eb235e508def783f7faa8da08f7d900d67cf 02210564 11 1/2 2020-10-17 22:26:59 03:211:14:29:40
- 01: a58b604e6284642a37cb918d32b4aaf0668aeba042fec18149b46ea23e9dafc8 02272472 11 31/2 2021-01-11 22:39:48 03:125:14:16:51
- 02: 749d92998223a9aa784e2385781c398e7d90b647b6316d3285cb2936da8468ad 02281231 11 2/2 2021-01-24 00:42:51 03:113:12:13:48
- 03: a1e553278792a3b8788cd5df0d06fd31787e52660ec42f9b4f39f439cb4ad1a5 02281854 11 2/11 2021-01-25 00:25:15 03:112:12:31:24
- 04: ab021a3233d60d605dad7689136387bdbc6c3a9733f88887d5bad900b1a17951 02283380 11 2/2 2021-01-27 03:21:29 03:110:09:35:10
- 05: bb8403d4d7b090b3b65ae457aeba9306c5a5cce44156e7545a19664ec8b7c28b 02283428 11 1/2 2021-01-27 05:22:10 03:110:07:34:29
- 06: 79dd04a8d0d2cd6a73f7ba5953bf2977094fb31957bbdc32f8e0f16116583f32 02284122 11 1/2 2021-01-28 04:51:49 03:109:08:04:50
- 07: dda2245a5a2c2574fe22418f19477f5a8806d8258525302c3ecc952d767dfd56 02284365 11 1/2 2021-01-28 12:26:55 03:109:00:29:44
- 08: 8e426e436cf7afa17b76b6888794812d8fdd1cc1ed55eb2e9c69d9ea77822f68 02284422 11 2/2 2021-01-28 14:05:21 03:108:22:51:18
- 09: 8317a7bfd23b65226b2f587148bd6c6697cca04b0642b6b8b75e440711bed086 02284457 11 2/2 2021-01-28 15:30:41 03:108:21:25:58
- 10: 0b52d8fca9399fd9efda7d04e9453e0ca682fba970e220ba2d3370399c23e676 02284485 11 6/2 2021-01-28 16:37:39 03:108:20:19:00
key image 01: b3c391d2ef5d47c259a95df746ff4da5116fe261de6b05711268c4d07f9073ad amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: bfd93173c2e9e6c88b8ba1c6fcb5aaa6b5e7df4f1353ad1c13d4c16f5398d195 02232383 11 1/2 2020-11-17 07:08:08 03:181:05:48:31
- 01: ff3300e1a70c324b3e10e634ad630b0cefaa2515f796a58260f40ea2792ddf6f 02274491 11 2/2 2021-01-14 18:22:45 03:122:18:33:54
- 02: 08cd547b65d1ebf7eb58bc0f1520bb7d082a157d08a04e4c2ad801cf8ec2a1dd 02282965 11 1/2 2021-01-26 13:47:51 03:110:23:08:48
- 03: 66c30789983ce69e3c8e4f329b7e436c71ebc1c8d716adbfa0cfb2a39ced0a22 02283120 11 1/2 2021-01-26 18:34:23 03:110:18:22:16
- 04: aa490e1db6c28aa68b6d03f2a8edfee81246c53a9b4f5a1f3de5047152cb8cce 02283754 11 3/16 2021-01-27 16:14:07 03:109:20:42:32
- 05: 8da3994f283f0b794c91b9e871bf8e448a66f4c418711c0eca0149714a556aad 02283790 11 1/2 2021-01-27 17:32:02 03:109:19:24:37
- 06: 68dde90786ad7408a2dd3e8f9a80bc2df23e5076682dfcf26426721cd6c89b49 02283889 11 2/12 2021-01-27 20:23:20 03:109:16:33:19
- 07: a9346c241577c06f96c92d6094d66ce998f66bbf8b29698e0104bb3b294cdf3e 02284334 11 2/16 2021-01-28 11:14:14 03:109:01:42:25
- 08: 0f5fb5d38578c880fa29a05f5a9561d619687d1fe6b3a21502e2fd08ad32dfde 02284406 11 1/16 2021-01-28 13:34:02 03:108:23:22:37
- 09: 0d620d52d95445fcb6742be12ea29762b443f71feaa61984a3e14e9db55a2ced 02284454 11 1/2 2021-01-28 15:26:38 03:108:21:30:01
- 10: 2597c44f98ac6a79cbc91439d19007b32bb481757e88b2a5dd8eec573fec0d45 02284488 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:41:26 03:108:20:15:13
key image 02: 77a9cf794499bdcc4c36e483a3379deeadd3ce9fc29eed5a9940b7ed81ceec54 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: d21c2a92699e6407a4ea694bcbae4e304a14789f1dca147f3cd824bde8469551 02059188 11 2/16 2020-03-21 10:01:06 04:057:02:55:33
- 01: 6e74b45a6353dc6dfc9b92ecdd6e066da797651422fcf325070dd25a855c5f4c 02107970 11 1/2 2020-05-28 04:09:11 03:354:08:47:28
- 02: ff72b49c9b4430b47e55968cd338a9cbb90bac3182a8e72ab3722d19b93d044d 02228340 11 1/4 2020-11-11 15:27:35 03:186:21:29:04
- 03: 50c45f4f631850c8942bbd8f5cd27fffed5306545470032061b5e6f167969adc 02234527 11 2/2 2020-11-20 07:41:08 03:178:05:15:31
- 04: 7d267b34433c47280893c85338dff8c8d34a8c212ecb61c1a3d822f71a0e4bf8 02252615 11 1/4 2020-12-15 09:38:07 03:153:03:18:32
- 05: 858ae800e875b52a6705ecd2c9a690de1c2766f714040173c70518ac9e0c5126 02283946 11 1/2 2021-01-27 22:13:07 03:109:14:43:32
- 06: 9b728643c733cd2106db425e7e30f57348aca2e3c8fc81599198a510bb7343f8 02284207 11 1/2 2021-01-28 06:57:33 03:109:05:59:06
- 07: 076cdcebefe7185ed48e01d8164a6fb3bb994a81c5744d6fab158e1aa0952b7b 02284308 11 1/2 2021-01-28 10:44:05 03:109:02:12:34
- 08: 245d63a0796428fa1d44cf317d217c68be65a6f78c2ba2d9ff1fcb74b704468a 02284452 11 1/2 2021-01-28 15:14:28 03:108:21:42:11
- 09: fadd01264229b85075ee61b723ba89025ca349ab5e5cc0881cdf4b15737a1b3d 02284454 11 2/2 2021-01-28 15:26:38 03:108:21:30:01
- 10: f94597dfe65295f01f196957bf89674fe292727cbc304f2989abe38d5b1c58b8 02284488 11 1/10 2021-01-28 16:41:26 03:108:20:15:13
key image 03: 6867e3d90c087d7b98cd53552a6a5503efdd3f9b0192425341d63ce5729a9113 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: f0d2f8f6d1f1cdb093d4008b8d2a956dfae0219f46d007ed0918b91d28e642a2 02165523 11 2/2 2020-08-16 07:44:00 03:274:05:12:39
- 01: b5aaa8e5ac7d3500a80f4e160e9aba6e1b503e0355c4e960aa90d846d7b3b208 02236997 11 2/2 2020-11-23 15:54:24 03:174:21:02:15
- 02: 3afe07b867b9f9d9892fdacce2a30e394904f75b2aadd7fb08caa2f927987e53 02277866 11 2/2 2021-01-19 12:01:06 03:118:00:55:33
- 03: 018ee01d5eb0f9d62fe00a9df6fe0cfb0462cda4b503d0fc8dfc1d59e24f9cfe 02279958 11 2/10 2021-01-22 09:22:14 03:115:03:34:25
- 04: 23af54ff0a536863aebbef58111b238aacde053745ba2757cfcefdedf269cbf9 02284009 11 3/2 2021-01-28 00:16:12 03:109:12:40:27
- 05: 1ab5555095bae540868c281adb71ad86c9d2dc28b8f0d08df9e70460fc1f7c07 02284349 11 1/2 2021-01-28 11:49:03 03:109:01:07:36
- 06: 1784e95d42c845b30668beada312e17dcc3cde3282a7d09d84f54a80e3dbafb9 02284473 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:09:06 03:108:20:47:33
- 07: c6d886dce32ce79f1c82567ed3712fceccb30760017ad4915214ca27bdb619e8 02284476 11 2/6 2021-01-28 16:17:13 03:108:20:39:26
- 08: dd1ac4d10289c2ccf205b2ebd7e89639a61192d64c9f88c24ee488f9bfbba80c 02284476 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:17:13 03:108:20:39:26
- 09: a07ab83c929d450d2b52de009dc2c578409d41cc92e2b4604a4024ede532e79b 02284477 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:18:41 03:108:20:37:58
- 10: a1f4c5520c93e41f6579dd6b9af45e6d30b3c3147430cd8f9553eba06e67a5fc 02284484 11 15/2 2021-01-28 16:30:49 03:108:20:25:50
key image 04: 64522bb6275271e8d36763945131029b8ed26212252588ae5be3216f04543bed amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: bdd8f810b7deb5e85994d88b8e6ae07f9e065dcf474ea4c101b43ef6fd6d2bf8 02276743 11 2/2 2021-01-17 20:38:03 03:119:16:18:36
- 01: d466628b94cc58a969e55b548b055f7694c55623323dcc7418b71243b625bc9a 02277301 11 1/2 2021-01-18 16:55:55 03:118:20:00:44
- 02: bb0bcf902f3f054b8ad0ac1db8daf66ef2fbd8d9dde57af092135e46bf59bf34 02282598 11 9/2 2021-01-26 01:39:49 03:111:11:16:50
- 03: b2923ede895729437f7dd7e7e13c5f5748e2657d6072d984b96be3a98b0c9bb1 02283560 11 1/2 2021-01-27 09:54:09 03:110:03:02:30
- 04: c4380c731823b22621eef70a8ffa5aafada3029bb19240107781b2077aa21337 02284182 11 2/2 2021-01-28 06:15:58 03:109:06:40:41
- 05: 673905813835c107cfa80a43477ef8dc0f18c7c30a91823c3f50ce4823b6f627 02284231 11 1/2 2021-01-28 08:05:50 03:109:04:50:49
- 06: 05e8de0f8be33de7a20dabc0c4d3a069b5571dd7a5971b5bb812b178f52b1d71 02284329 11 2/16 2021-01-28 11:06:50 03:109:01:49:49
- 07: cba000a30d2f72e1b9d19d01d414919f65c468773222af9be45122f4ec6c1609 02284351 11 2/2 2021-01-28 11:56:40 03:109:00:59:59
- 08: a35a58004fc2f37ba9049662a8e3444b94b6688a48a9ca1e29c0625bd3be9d99 02284390 11 2/16 2021-01-28 13:05:09 03:108:23:51:30
- 09: 904ab178c0921cb26c172dc22809bc4970b93a7c836465f9fdeb6007d7f1a1fa 02284415 11 1/2 2021-01-28 13:52:53 03:108:23:03:46
- 10: 053140d1e82976da1fd37482452cd2786b0844b1df0fd03ebb26d094a33fd687 02284485 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:37:39 03:108:20:19:00
key image 05: 5115bbf879b454c9bdea56c4c64775ecdae3a9dc1917466676d2a3019fec9fbb amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: ac54f06a36a309e6a7984b9c1c705a367ee8b734deea8ee0b01a754b2b0b63d2 02255519 11 2/2 2020-12-19 10:41:04 03:149:02:15:35
- 01: e297c6ecfd9bd19df27521fa26be827a7185a01095dfd8b796d057fd9abbf831 02274054 11 1/2 2021-01-14 03:35:30 03:123:09:21:09
- 02: 23249d0c8d4aee2f5369dc7e693031514cea942fe2acf90f9d8013a8bdf85297 02274602 11 2/2 2021-01-14 22:35:56 03:122:14:20:43
- 03: 026ef3cac7783371e71378d21b4004579caf2df6a3b6d1b4ae2d7822cd8e63b8 02281259 11 2/10 2021-01-24 02:05:46 03:113:10:50:53
- 04: 0ba1bfee570d18bc663dcfb0941a8397881312f4a5aaf2024bf5670873392142 02282364 11 2/2 2021-01-25 18:36:13 03:111:18:20:26
- 05: ee1ac078575dff2fdf3d03729e2e7565e2058ca6e1d4d079d61d8082fef9fcf1 02282384 11 2/16 2021-01-25 19:10:21 03:111:17:46:18
- 06: ee66312c0d903d6d03f1a96c64f18ba0ed4c7be997f5f0494e48f551b737c646 02283847 11 2/2 2021-01-27 18:58:40 03:109:17:57:59
- 07: 1839ddebb7ac99d0dd6ff56a4f4be536eb3387474a8dfd0c85eff6b28dbe8d4b 02284076 11 4/8 2021-01-28 03:27:58 03:109:09:28:41
- 08: 27bda62e50faee20d6f37f530231daf772d89f9331d1906fb59d2972ff4463ce 02284398 11 1/2 2021-01-28 13:15:58 03:108:23:40:41
- 09: 30a1a8f47eee8526b46ec53bda0379833cc1a9ca7b161db96885c5a0449e96d0 02284473 11 1/6 2021-01-28 16:09:06 03:108:20:47:33
- 10: 3cb0c9f9edcd05fd2da4e7460af1678f557265f22ec85c32872b062f79b3b534 02284487 11 1/9 2021-01-28 16:40:45 03:108:20:15:54
key image 06: 452932c94b9b092bf3a9069cb8333806ba72a0146e9830de29c590e3ec965da5 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 40bdee822a45213893250be7375a2f4b9c0e9aef8f07f657e4c8a858a24b3a6a 01833901 11 1/2 2019-05-13 17:00:33 05:004:19:56:06
- 01: 0888047965e6473f60edba109c6cc17cf4cf576a93f0c2f44e86acaada35457c 02119143 0 0/1 2020-06-12 18:06:31 03:338:18:50:08
- 02: 2dfb3f76028038c7282edfe4c4218c5aa9952683d8a9c4a495f78c6c1d945b98 02197456 11 1/16 2020-09-29 17:00:22 03:229:19:56:17
- 03: 03dce1482d428d5b1855b757dfbbffb8fad8303a2694eb5fcfb42ac481030cbb 02231875 11 2/16 2020-11-16 14:43:21 03:181:22:13:18
- 04: 35dea6ac5381566956804794251764628601b2ae851ed5388a4d4731854ab5fb 02283119 11 2/2 2021-01-26 18:34:23 03:110:18:22:16
- 05: 6a558f793d50f7ea88f9e8b68c9387088c7b30427486ea2cccdf6f1be140222b 02283865 11 1/2 2021-01-27 19:38:47 03:109:17:17:52
- 06: d866142a777507e0dff2d07d161d610ff9903447d88710a6dd1b334adf9c3775 02283976 11 2/2 2021-01-27 23:14:40 03:109:13:41:59
- 07: 02c0a3b9578328f6118c02ba80449da8eb842e2b791f62d97c8561ac31aa0bcf 02284298 11 2/2 2021-01-28 10:19:26 03:109:02:37:13
- 08: b00d977455ec67c750efcfaa9df8d569434f31de0463d55c4affe6c9ccb67fdf 02284444 11 1/2 2021-01-28 15:04:27 03:108:21:52:12
- 09: c4ae0211cb9f8bae3e993a374961962067671737fc36375269d302d8f09523c0 02284473 11 2/2 2021-01-28 16:09:06 03:108:20:47:33
- 10: 6513c9b44d6cee66873d0f0347699dee519ec9958d68fde0caff5c8bda7ac24d 02284487 11 1/5 2021-01-28 16:40:45 03:108:20:15:54
key image 07: 31bf6369f0f3a441ee2af2d1fcd381207baa4090f2a4ac0a02e8ae130e7857b4 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 9635eb596a49c7e36c9a598c9c2b60984d423c695a311b64dc7379c7022b1edf 02281578 0 0/1 2021-01-24 15:00:05 03:112:21:56:34
- 01: 742b0a7b013dd63cd6a5973a4e69574f7b6ea1e931a9b7e4bfb43d49d05fb804 02283677 11 2/2 2021-01-27 13:23:28 03:109:23:33:11
- 02: 922862c3d8eb522c666425c655ab4932b01a731f1ac11b89a0db0ce4fdc03bc7 02283702 11 2/2 2021-01-27 14:14:19 03:109:22:42:20
- 03: e7bcbbdd998b5f9978259846d7fc492fdb7ec92c9a48f0427bfc75b93e648f71 02283703 11 1/2 2021-01-27 14:19:26 03:109:22:37:13
- 04: 1a3f0aeda17bcd03c19dded56edfd9b25a232700b2dbd149b206fffff2504776 02283811 11 1/16 2021-01-27 17:58:27 03:109:18:58:12
- 05: 357c492b8847bdd5d7641c4d1870133fc8afcf57e443ed23c7e5feaa757e7e0a 02283938 11 12/2 2021-01-27 22:02:01 03:109:14:54:38
- 06: 0b2ff8cb275f04b2183a6a82263875089a18d8f7e0c907e6dcecfb750f7556f3 02284356 11 1/2 2021-01-28 12:16:11 03:109:00:40:28
- 07: bd7660577f364f49ae6cdbf9a0c39429d0175fc3fb3f6be088c4c22893bb57f3 02284386 11 2/2 2021-01-28 12:56:02 03:109:00:00:37
- 08: a8c3ae202fb433c1c4e099ccf7d14e0dd93110d33cb6f280504dff8ff9b0e8cf 02284454 11 1/2 2021-01-28 15:26:38 03:108:21:30:01
- 09: 062f3e7b90aa16d5e4650e71a93b9d91646b9c26b55977161fc9e7d347ef6c7b 02284461 11 2/16 2021-01-28 15:34:03 03:108:21:22:36
- 10: 9cdbf0ebc4e65795c075d278eefba62d6fb19fe12676a46b0bb39710dbeab3d3 02284488 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:41:26 03:108:20:15:13
key image 08: 21df0149bdd61d175d0b02fb58f1abecd28d8e3d34a6d562f27084649e93aa8e amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: a3b060f2ea1459f5288a968f4bb3bc2f58bf2b4cb12cfc02963d28d84ba4e948 02215750 11 2/2 2020-10-25 03:27:19 03:204:09:29:20
- 01: aa460c53cb3931c4e9c4f4126d080bb76db39df6927f14c4b969d3dbfe8ed935 02223178 11 1/2 2020-11-04 12:48:37 03:194:00:08:02
- 02: 4c91b49b87451cba94ba92d260b261139095523ddb9dd16301e7dbcf1891d11a 02276783 11 3/2 2021-01-17 22:10:25 03:119:14:46:14
- 03: 22233e609f58bf581218991a390cdccd2cb9d1b49bc0888e85224e72a00200d1 02283749 11 2/2 2021-01-27 16:02:31 03:109:20:54:08
- 04: 2ed8ca5816a58cbabe7732676891aefc410071a14ea9177740f9d7b84dc0c96f 02284349 11 2/2 2021-01-28 11:49:03 03:109:01:07:36
- 05: 2def17eb6b6e5cd4e399a78e311faea71f027708d5ba9e4d84f171c5f3a95dac 02284351 11 17/2 2021-01-28 11:56:40 03:109:00:59:59
- 06: 932ea85f2614ff50cf03816727a90fa37ec69a9c44e065921c01b21ac872ef4d 02284377 11 2/2 2021-01-28 12:43:37 03:109:00:13:02
- 07: 87c020cd42b741168ab2159df6ba041eaab2bc21b40f76dd40d0b90c5f1ffbf2 02284427 11 2/2 2021-01-28 14:18:01 03:108:22:38:38
- 08: 13438b995f2f0084928fc44547bf4e141fea89fc6fd90c51ec1ef429c9a2a01f 02284456 11 1/2 2021-01-28 15:28:14 03:108:21:28:25
- 09: 111e7b50a84a0d6ccfe0f01ef8171c1c6ef21b14df7e7c805a9207feb203b061 02284472 11 1/14 2021-01-28 16:09:17 03:108:20:47:22
- 10: 9ecdf9756c3eddf681b7d5c63923c5a6d91420ee587f8605724ce12dff6115f6 02284487 11 1/2 2021-01-28 16:40:45 03:108:20:15:54
More details
source code | explorer version (api): master-2024-03-03-26331e6 (1.2)